Resource and energy saving technologies require a mandatory integrated approach to electricity generation, distribution and consumption. And in the construction phase of a house, modern energy saving technologies are always combined with innovations in the field of construction, as a considerable part of electricity is used to heat the house in cold weather and to cool it in hot weather. . This requires immediate planned use of energy efficient materials. In addition, a personalized household supply system will allow, in some cases, to abandon the traditional method of power supply altogether.
Energy saving technologies in construction
The best example of energy saving technologies in construction so far can serve as the so-called "energy efficient house", in which, ideally, in winter, a comfortable temperature is maintained without using a heating systemtraditional, and in summer without an air conditioning system.
Such structures, depending on technological variations, are also called Zero Energy House - "zero energy house" or "passive house".
To get as close as possible to the standards of such a house, it contains:
- install an individual boiler room or other source of heat supply, often connecting pumps that return exhaust air heat from the ventilation duct, ground heat or waste water,
- to replace a part of the solar electricity (collector), and the direct solar energy, on the other hand, is competently used in accordance with the thermal balance of the building, connecting translucent and reflective structures,
- they use modern thermal insulation materials, and this applies to both building materials and communication systems.
The energy saving method described above assumes that the building becomes the final recipient of electricity from the power plants. However, now, the possibility of a complete transition to individual power supply systems is being considered as an innovative practice, when the building itself, in fact, becomes a "power plant" and begins to distribute electricity to other customers.
This is possible, for example, with the widespread use of nano-photovoltaic cells, which are called one of the most promising solutions. In Freiburg, Germany, the local solar energy institute is using the city space as a kind of "testing ground" for testing solar technology, introducing solar panels into the stadium, rebuilding entire neighborhoods (58 residential buildings and an office building on the bordere district) for the new concept of "active homes" The main obstacle to the widespread acquisition of these technologies is the high cost of very pure industrial silicon, which is used for batteries (about $ 450 / kg). It was replaced by nanotechnology and a special carbon - fuller. But so far its efficiency is 2. 5 times lower than that of silicon solar cells.
Energy saving technologies in everyday life
The main direction in the creation of energy saving technologies in everyday life is the individual regulation of energy consumption using "smart" technologies, depending on:
- personal habits of residents and preferences in the microclimate,
- the time of year (day) when the "smart" system is rebuilt, choosing to turn on and with what intensity to work.
For example, an automatic home lighting system turns on the light only when needed, turning it off during the day and turning it on in the evening when activated by sound through the integrated microphone. When noise occurs within a radius of 5 meters, an energy saving lamp automatically lights up, which does not go out while someone is in the room.
But until these "intellectual" innovations become dominant, experts recommend using "preventive saving" methods of electricity in everyday life, which include:
- replacement of incandescent bulbs with energy saving ones (with consumption reduced by 5-6 times) or even more economical LED,
- switching to household appliances of a high energy efficiency class (A- A +++), which, when compared to older models, can show a difference of 50%,
- switching off devices (devices) in standby mode: TV, music center and tape recorders, which still consume 3-10 W in a off but not off state
- shutting down or putting the computer into sleep mode, which, during all-day work, "eats" 70-120 kW / hour per month.
Particular attention should be paid to the refrigerator, which is advised:
- do not place near the stove (increases energy consumption by 25-30%),
- do not fill with food not yet chilled,
- prevent the formation of a gap in the seal,
- do not cover the radiator and do not rest your "back" close to the wall.
The introduction of energy-saving technologies in housing and communal services seems like a shift in directions with real-time rotation speed optimization functions, which, when operating elevators or ventilation units, can save up to 50%of electricity.